Meeting at the College of Preachers, National Cathedral, Washington, D.C.

Convened and called to order Oct. 1 by the Rt. Rev. Richard L. Shimpfky, chairman.

Standing Commission members in attendance: the Rev. Theodora Brooks (New Rochelle, N.Y.), Dr. Louie Crew (Newark, N.J.), the Rev. Randolph K. Dales (Wolfeboro, N.H.), the Rev. Herbert McMullan (Fairfax, Va.), Ms. Mary Miller (Baltimore, Md.), the Rev. Benjamin Musoke-Lubega (Detroit, Mich.), Ms. Jacqueline Scott (Conifer, Colo.) and the Rt. Rev. Richard L. Shimpfky (Monterey, Calif.).

Absent: Commission members Ms. Mayra Arguelles (San Pedro Sula, Honduras), the Rt. Rev. Steven Charleston (Cambridge, Mass.), the Rt. Rev. E. Don Taylor (New York City, N.Y.), Mr. Fred Ellis (Dallas, Texas), the Rt. Rev. J. Gary Gloster (Charlotte, N.C.), and Ms. Jackie B. Batjer (Abilene, Texas).

National Church staff in attendance at various times during the meeting: the Rev. Cn. Brian Grieves, director of the Office of Peace & Justice, and Tom Hart, Peace & Justice Ministries director of government relations.

Sept. 11 terrorist attacks: The Rt. Rev. Arthur Walmsley, retired Bishop of Connecticut, addressed the Standing Commission. He is coordinating the Presiding Bishop's call for the church to "wage reconciliation" in the wake of the terrorist attacks Sept. 11. He brought news of the House of Bishop's support of reconciliation as the long-term response. He invited the Standing Commission's support and suggested the Standing Commission call for the Executive Council to stand with the Presiding Bishop as well. The Standing Commission unanimously approved the following resolution, drafted by the Rev. Randolph K. Dales:

To: The International Committee of the Executive Council
From: The Standing Commission on Anglican and International Peace with Justice Concerns
RE: Suggestions for inclusion in a resolution by Executive Council in the wake of the attacks on Washington, D.C., and New York City Date: 4 October 2001

BE IT RESOLVED, that the Executive Council of the Episcopal Church meeting in Jacksonville, Florida, October 15-19, thanks the Presiding Bishop for his strong statement on September 11th that the mission of the Church is about "peace and the transformation of the human heart, beginning with our own," and commends the House of Bishops for its commitment to develop clear steps, personally and as a community of faith, in order to "wage reconciliation," and be it further

RESOLVED, that the Executive Council calls for the establishment of local inter-faith dialogues among peoples of all faiths on the Muslim, Jewish, and Christian concepts of Salaam, Shalom and Peace, with resources developed by the Church Center staff, and be if further

RESOLVED, that the Council invites the Episcopal Church at all levels to join with the Presiding Bishop in asking the hard questions to seek the truth in order to achieve reconciliation and restoration of the human community, addressing specifically:

• the great divide between the wealth of some nations and the crushing poverty of others;
• the crucial need for humanitarian development in poor or developing countries;
• the American self-isolation and unawareness of the deep sense of alienation, despair and resentment felt in many parts of the world;
• the necessity for a successful peace process between Palestine and Israel;
• the protection of constitutional rights; and be it further

RESOLVED, that the Council recognizes that America need not be at war while bringing to justice those who commit crimes against humanity, and asks that the Office of Government Relations and members of the Church Center staff be strong advocates for justice over vengeance and retribution.

The subcommittee's written report was accepted. It follows:

To: The Most Rev. Frank T. Griswold, Presiding Bishop
     The Very Rev. George L.W. Werner, President House of Deputies
     Members of Executive Council
From: The East Africa Subcommittee of the Standing Commission
(Dr. Louie Crew, The Rev. Randolph Dales, The Rev. Herbert McMullan, Ms. Jacqueline Scott and The Rt. Rev. Richard Shimpfky, Commission Chair)
RE: Interim Report on Sudan & The Episcopal Church
Work of the Standing Commission

In January, the Standing Commission on Anglican and International Peace With Justice Concerns met to chart its work for the triennium and identified the East Africa Community and Sudan as one of three areas worldwide which will be studied in preparation for General Convention 2003. When it was learned that the Sudanese House of Bishops would be holding a February meeting in Kampala, Uganda, five members of the Commission traveled to Uganda, meeting over the course three days with the Bishops and their wives from twenty-one of the twenty-four dioceses of the Church of Sudan.

Those meetings involved painful storytelling on the part of the Sudanese and difficult listening and learning for their American visitors. As a subcommittee, we feel it is important to share with our Church's presiding officers and the Executive Council our first learnings and to recommend some immediate actions by the Episcopal Church.

Preliminary Learnings about Sudan

Sudan, Africa's largest country geographically, lies just south of Egypt with an eastern coast on the Red Sea. Its northern most portion is bordered by Libya and Chad on the west, with Eritrea and Ethiopia on the East. To its south are the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda and Kenya.

Sudan is the ancient land mentioned in Isaiah 18 as the Kingdoms of Cush and Nubia. The Christian faith in Sudan dates back to the sixth century, although the region gradually became Islamic through trade and marriage of its native population with Muslims. The first Sudanese Islamic state was not established until the end of the 15th century.

In colonial times, Sudan was ruled by the British from 1898 to 1956. The British conducted a policy of separate development for the Arabs of the north and the Africans in the south. With independence in 1956, the new government continued a policy of neglected development in the south. Since 1956, there has been off and on civil war lasting for forty-five years. The current war between government in the north and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) in the south dates back to 1983. In 1989, a peace accord was reached between the then-democratically elected government and the SPLM. However, the National Islamic Front (NIF) staged a coup, the accord was lost, and since then the government has pursued what has been termed a genocidal pattern of uprooting, dispersing, destroying, and assimilating what it views as 'enemy' civilians.

How does one measure the magnitude of this human rights and humanitarian crisis?

Consider the following:

• Sudan is suffering the longest uninterrupted civil war in the world. The current conflict has persisted for 18 years. The country has been embroiled in civil war for 34 of the past 45 years since independence in 1956. People all over Sudan are suffering as a consequence. The south is in extreme crisis.
• More than 2 million Sudanese are estimated to have died of causes directly or indirectly linked to war and repressive Sudanese government policies. An average of more than 300 people per day die because of war-related causes in Sudan, according to the best available estimates. Sudan's death toll is larger than the combined fatalities suffered in Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Chechnya, Somalia and Algeria. Twice as many Sudanese have perished in the past 18 years than all the war-related deaths suffered by Americans in the past 200 years.
• More Sudanese are uprooted than any other population in the world. More than 4 million Sudanese are internally displaced, and nearly a half-million are refugees outside the country. One of every nine uprooted people on the face of the earth is Sudanese.
• A largely man-made famine killed tens of thousands of people in southern Sudan in 1998. There is a major threat of famine in 2001.
• Slavery exists in Sudan. Annual slave raids by government-allied militia have pressed uncounted tens of thousands of southern Sudanese children and women into slavery.
• Most of southern Sudan's 5 million people have absolutely no access to schools or reliable health care. Eighteen years of violence and deliberate population displacement by the government have reduced much of southern Sudan - an area the size of Texas - to virtual medieval conditions.
• Sudan is the only place in the world where the government routinely bombs civilian targets: hospitals, schools, relief centers, market places - and the world stands by mutely. Sudanese government planes bombed civilian targets at least 167 times last year and no fewer than 20 times in the first three months of 2001.

The Testimony of Sudanese Bishops

During the course of the meetings between the Sudanese Bishops and members of SCAIPJ, our Anglicans brothers asked us to communicate with the Episcopal Church, and through the church to the American public the following:

• "I was born in the war, and I am getting old in the war^Ê Many of our children (for generations) have had no schooling. We are losing our language, our culture, because we have been at war for almost half a century. When is the world going to come and rescue us? In Kuwait, two million people didn't die. In Kosovo, two million people didn't die."

  - The Rt. Rev. Daniel Deng bul Yak (Diocese of Renk)

• "The Nuba Mountains area is targeted because the government fears losing it to the south. Christians are not free to build schools, but there are Koran schools. Talk to the Bush government. Tell them to stop talking about peace, but to bring peace." "Why is the world quiet? The American people have the ability to stop the war. Why don't they? Please speak on our behalf to the international community. How many people does the world want to die before it acts?

  - The Rt. Rev. Peter J. Elbersh Kowa (Diocese of Kadugli & Nuba Mountains)

• "Women and children are being taken as slaves. They're trading in human beings."

  - The Rt. Rev. Reuben Maciir Makoi (Diocese of Cueibet)

• "The Arabs aren't the enemy. War is the enemy."

  - The Rt. Rev. Bullen A. Dolli Bishop (Diocese of Lui)

• "God is helping us, but not the Christians." "Oil, a blessing, has become a curse. It's used against us."

  - The Rt. Rev. Nathaniel Garang Angieth (Diocese of Bor)

The Current Crisis

The recent discovery of oil in southern Sudan has changed the face of the war. Oil exploration began in Sudan in 1999, and Talisman Energy Inc., a Canadian oil company, has completed a 1,000 mile long pipeline from the city of Wau in the south to Port Sudan on the Red Sea. The government in Sudan is currently in partnership with oil developers from Canada, France, Austria, Sweden, China and Malaysia. 200,000 barrels a day are being produced from the oil fields in the south, and that total is expected to double in the next two years.

Sudan's revenues from oil exports have leaped from zero in 1998 to an estimated $585 million last year, and Sudanese government figures indicate that defense spending increased by $80 million, according to the International Monetary Fund.

The Khartoum government is brutally depopulating large areas around the oil producing areas. This so-called "Greater Nile Oil Project" involves "clearing out" the land around the new oil fields and pipeline, killing and displacing men, women and children, and using revenues from the oil to fund the war.

What Has The Episcopal Church Said About Sudan?

The General Convention of the Episcopal Church, meeting in Denver in July 2000, adopted Resolution A130 - Human Rights: Solidarity with Persecuted Christians in the Sudan. It reads:

Resolved: That the 2000 General Convention of the Episcopal Church of the United States of America continues to affirm its solidarity through prayer and witness with the Episcopal Church of Sudan in support of Christians suffering from the effects of the longest civil war in recent history; and be it further

Resolved: That the Church through its Office of Government Relations urge that the U.S. government assign the highest priority to advancing a just peace in Sudan by applying pressure on the government of Sudan, and working with our allies, especially Egypt, to end the war; and be it further Resolved: That all Episcopalians are urged to work against the genocide occurring in Sudan, caused by the National Islamic Front, the current ruling regime, and other contributing warring factions' use of good as a weapon, abduction and enslavement of human beings, aerial bombardment of and raids on civilian targets, denial of religious freedom, and other acts of terror and harassment; and be it further

Resolved: That Episcopalians are encouraged to give generously to enable the people of Sudan to rebuild their lives, by providing the means to train people in areas of expertise that will help them to live full, productive lives, allowing women and men equally to have access to small business endeavors; encouraging the gift of medical drugs, medical equipment and human resources; and finally, by supporting the restoration of the educational system; and be it further

: That this Convention continues to reaffirm the Episcopal Church's solidarity with all Christians in all places who suffer persecution and all persons, of whatever religion, who suffer persecution by reason of their faith.

What Further Actions Do We Recommend?

The East Africa Subcommittee of the Standing Commission on Anglican & International Peace with Justice Concerns is aware of the hazy dividing line between recommending policy and recommending programmatic work. Standing Commissions exist to propose policy to the General Convention and to the Presiding Bishop and Executive Council.

The subcommittee heard strong testimony in both Uganda and Kenya about the need to give every effort to the fight against AIDS in Africa. Nevertheless, our experience of the current plight of the Episcopal Church of Sudan compels us to ask that the Presiding Bishop and Executive Council place the plight of the Sudanese on a par with our concerns about the Israeli/Palestinian conflict and the scourge of HIV/AIDS in Africa. We, therefore, respectfully recommend:

1. That the Presiding Bishop consider placing the Sudanese conflict alongside HIV/AIDS in Africa and the Palestinian/Conflict in any peace and justice statements to church members and leaders.
2. That the next issue of 'The Episcopal Advocate' (the newsletter of the Peace and Justice Ministries Office) give prominence to reporting the escalating warfare in Sudan as a result new oil production, and include Senate Bill 180 (Sudan Peace Act) in its legislative update.
3. That Episcopal Relief and Development be encouraged to fund the grant proposal from the Sudanese House of Bishops for Advocacy and Reconciliation Training (This project request was given to the subcommittee to deliver to Brian Grieves. It seeks funds to provide training for the 2,923 Sudanese clergy in advocacy and reconciliation work.)
4. That Episcopal News Service and Episcopal Life give greater coverage to the plight of Christians in the Sudan, perhaps by sending a top-level reporter to the scene. Episcopalians, for the most part, are unaware of our General Convention statement on Sudan or the many efforts of our church (including resettlement of Sudanese, Episcopal delegations and mission trips to Sudan, the excellent work being done by some congregations and through dioceses with companion relationships with the Sudan). No television pictures currently tell the story of Sudanese warfare, slavery, mass rape and deliberate starvation. The print media, especially the religious press, needs to continue to provide information about the serious plight of our Christian sisters and brothers in Sudan.
5. That the Episcopal Church, at all levels, work with other churches to mobilize people to bring to an end this shameful civil war. Many conservative and evangelical churches are actively promoting peace in Sudan. This is an excellent opportunity for the Episcopal Church to publicly join with other churches in raising public awareness and church-wide advocacy.
6. The Subcommittee thanks the Executive Council for its February 2001 resolution regarding the Sudanese oil industry and recommends that the S.R.I. committee give the widest possible distribution to its May 2001 decision either recommending divestment in such companies and/or the support of shareholder resolutions instructing such companies to withhold revenues from the Khartoum government until a just peace is established.
7. The subcommittee does not believe that it is necessary to add to the policy on Sudan adopted by the 2000 General Convention. However, Executive Council could, by resolution at its June 2001 meeting, restate that policy directly to the Bush Administration and to members of Congress (especially members of the Episcopal Church), asking that those principles be included in Senate Bill 180 currently being debated on Capital Hill. That any of these actions be communicated directly to the Episcopal Church of Sudan via The Most Rev. Dr. Joseph B. Marona, Archbishop.

Pacific Rim Subcommittee: Members are Mary Miller, Don Taylor, Benjamin Muskoe-Lubega and Richard Shimpfky. The subcommittee is planning a 10-day trip, with three days in Tokyo, plus a site visit to Seoul, Korea, and the DMZ in 2002. China experts are to be available during the visit, as well as representatives of the church in the Philippines. During discussions, the Commission suggested examination of Korean reunification, possibility of removing or reducing U.S. military presence, the need for bases in light of Sept. 11, U.S. anti-North Korea policies, how to support the local Anglican Churches, Japanese reparations, and the spector of China as a superpower by 2020.

The Rev. George Werner, president of the House of Deputies, addressed the Commission. He reminded the Commission that its role is to recommend policy to General Convention and/or the Executive Council. "None of you are to do anything that is programs," he reminded. He asked that the commission "stay within its role and do what it can to check with Brian Grieves" to keep the national church office aware of the commission's work and to evaluate scope of work. He joined the Commission listening to various guest speakers and participated in conversations about rich vs. poor, international debt and the goal to contribute 0.7% of budget to humanitarian efforts. Louie Crew commended that various bishop members of commissions have not attended meetings as expected. He asked Werner to share that information with the Presiding Bishop. George Werner asked for names of good people to appoint to commissions and committee. Bishop Shimpfky asked that Executive Council take up the Global AIDS Fund in light of the goal of 0.7% humanitarian giving. Herb McMullan suggested a campaign of each Episcopalian contributing the cost of five cups of coffee week or about $50/month to the AIDS fund. "If the facts are correct, it's going to be very painful to watch Botswana implode," he said.

Miscellaneous: Minutes of the Jan. 7-11, 2001, meeting were approved. Commission members suggested the church's Officer for Africa should be a liaison along with Brian Grieves to the Standing Commission.

An anti-racism program planned for the Standing Commission was postponed. Jackie Batjer, who was scheduled to present the training program, was recovering from surgery and was unable to attend the meeting.

Next meeting Oct. 7-10, 2002:

The availability of international experts in Washington, D.C., was appreciated. It was suggested the next meeting Oct. 7-10, 2002, be in the nation's capital. It originally was planned for Chicago. It also was pointed out how helpful it is to have briefings by experts prior to site visits.

Members were reminded the deadline for the Blue Book reports is Jan. 30, 2003. The chairman asked for 500-word reports from each site visit group to be written by one person from each group and circulated in advance of the October meeting to the entire Standing Commission.

Guest speakers addressing international issues: AIDS in Africa

• Dr. Douglas Huber, epidemiologist, Anglican Conference on AIDS in South Africa, updated the Commission on AIDS in Sub-Sahara Africa. Dr. Huber said, "We know now more people will die of AIDS than all the casualties of World War I, World War II, the Korean War and Vietnam combined." He said people sick with AIDS will more than double in six to seven years, maybe quadruple by 2010. Only Uganda has managed to get its AIDS rate stable. Thirteen million AIDS orphans may number 30 million in 2010. "Some countries are going into negative population rates," he predicted. "Twenty years into the epidemic and still there is no vaccination. The virus has outsmarted scientists because of frequent mutations. HIV-1 now is joined by HIV-2 in West Africa. "We may need two vaccines," he said. There also is a TB epidemic going on simultaneously with AIDS. Three billion dollars a year is needed for AIDS prevention and treatment in Africa. He noted that Sub-Saharan Africa now spends $15 billion a year on debt payments. "Three billion could be found (for AIDS prevention/treatment) if debt is reduced," he said. Dr. Huber reported that his request for $110,00 from Episcopal Relief and Development for the AIDS efforts in Africa was turned down. It was suggested he continue to pursue the funding.
• The Rev. Leon Spencer of the Washington Office on Africa, updated the Commission on congressional and international AIDS efforts. The move, he said, is for a Global AIDS Fund with multilateral funding. About $1.5 billion has been pledged, but its goal is about $10 billion. His hope is that about $1 billion would be approved by the U.S. Congress, however HR2069 was stalled in the wake of Sept. 11. He said there are "immensely positive steps," but the shortfall of funds is a reality. Other areas of attention are: affordable access to treatment and prevention, mother-to-child infection, inadequate health infrastructures, and Africa debt cancellation that would allow countries to use the money to fight AIDS.

  Sudan

• The Rt. Rev. Daniel Deng Bul of Renk Diocese in the Upper Nile of Sudan, chairman of the Peace and Justice Committee of the House of Sudan, presented to the Commission "An Appeal by the bishops of the Catholic and Episcopal Churches of the Sudan" approved in Nairobi, Kenya, Aug. 17, 2001. Some of the points in the appeal are:
• Stopping the war is essential, but (that alone is) not sufficient for the establishment of a just and lasting peace. Additionally, needed are: affirmation of diversity, power sharing and wealth sharing.
• The unity of the country and peace with justice cannot be achieved under Sharia Law (fundamental Islamic law imposed on all citizens regardless of their religion) in a country with a diversity of cultures and religions. "Instead we call for religious freedom for all religious groups and the separation of religion and state."
• "In the event of disagreement with the above position, we call for self-determination of all marginalized peoples."
• "Upon the achievement of a negotiated settlement, a comprehensive cease-fire should be declared and internationally monitored."
• "Suspension of oil extraction until peace is achieved. Its continuation fuels the war, uproots civilian populations, and reinforces the existing imbalance in wealth sharing."

  The Sudanese bishop said a request to the Executive Council for funding of training for priests as advocates and to help document human rights violations to be reported to the Worldwide Anglican Communion and the international media had not received a response as yet. Commission members suggested the status of the request should be determined.

  "From February to present, it's worse. The government of Sudan decided to depopulate the land where there's oil," he said. In Renk, he said four to five villages were burned down, cattle were shot, crops were burned. "People ran naked into the jungle. The government is not even hesitating to attack the church," he said. "At Easter when we were in church, the government attacked the Christians with tear gas and hand grenades. One young man picked up a hand grenade and blew off his hand. Over 50 were injured.

  "World, we need your help," the bishop said. He warned that the Islamic government's goal is not just Sudan. "It's Africa, the whole course of the Red Sea." He said the Islamic fundamentalists want control of the Suez Canal. "Because of Jihad and Shiria Law Karlos was brought to Sudan, bin Laden was brought to Sudan.

  "We are being killed because we are Christian, because we will not be Arabized. Six million people are displace, 3 million people are now dead. This figure dead has never happened in the world."

  His fear, in the wake of Sept. 11, is that America is "selling out the south Sudanese Christians in an effort to get bin Laden."

  • Confidential report from a Bush Admininstration source
  • Confidential report from a Sudan expert

  Okinawa

• Yuki Tatsumi, formerly at the Japanese Embassy, now with the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said Sept. 11 "refocused what it means to have a military presence in the Far East. The 7th Fleet is being deployed from Japan. Japan is being used as a staging ground." She said, that in Korea where tensions have decreased and there is a move to unification "there may be an argument to remove American forces. But that cannot be made for Japan because of the primary purpose as an American military strategic location," she said. The U.S. military personnel in Korea numbers 34,662, of which 25,805 are Army. In Japan, the U.S. military presence is 43,804, with 20,354 Marines. In The Philippines it is 130; Thailand, 109; Singapore, 162.

  Japanese Constitutional restrictions do not allow Japan to have a military for "armed conflict." It does have a self-defense force. There is "huge resentment," she said, on the part of self-defense local officers who are paid less and have less benefits than their American counterparts,who might be living "right next to each other." Japan pays the bulk of housing, water, waste treatment, health facilities, electricity costs, etc. for American troops to offset the benefit of international protection. "But, with our economy in such bad shape, people are asking why we are paying for a U.S. bowling alley."

  "The biggest issue," she said, "is the conduct of the men stationed there. Yes, it's bad. but when you look at the rates, the Marines have done a good job of trying to keep the crime rate down. The crime rate shows crimes committed by Marines in Okinawa are lower than at other bases and lower than the local Okinawan crime rate." Nevertheless, she said there are non-criminal aspects of that many U.S. military personnel in a local community that allow the high-profile crimes to inflame the local population. "While their anger is justified, Japan does not have the capability to defend its homeland because of the constitution. If the U.S. is asked to leave, we have to be able to do it ourselves." She said the Anglican Church in Japan and the U.S church "are for removal of U.S. forces."

  Colombia

• Confidential report by a Colombia expert with the U.S. State Department.

• Adam Isacson of the Center for International Policy, Columbia Project, explained that his group was founded in 1975 by former Vietnam vets and experts who wanted to "prevent new Vietnams" and to support demilitarization. His group's Web site is CIPonline.org. The U.S. Plan Colombia is not balanced, he said. "About 80% is military and less than 1% is peace," he said.

  FARC, he said, has about 18,000 people armed. In addition to making money on narcotics, it has made money kidnapping. ELN is being hit by the paramilitary forces and "probably doesn't control a region." It's on the "way out," he said, maybe dying out for ideological reasons. The paramilitary is growing fast and has about 11,000 armed members, he said. It is a self-defense group that collaborates with the military. It picks an area, kills 10 to 30 locals. Then many of the remaining locals flee the area, allowing the paramilitary group to move in. About 300,000 people a year are displaced.

  Areas under government control is a polka-dot pattern, he said, mainly around the major cities.

  Colombia is a center for drug processing. Until recently coca was not grown in Colombia. Coca growth has gone down a little because "crack" has fallen out of favor and the price of cocaine has gone down.

  Spray planes fighting narcotics farming now have to be escorted "because they are being shot at. That is why helicopters are part of the U.S. aid plan." The expert said the U.S. supports the spraying, but it offers no alternative cash crops. Black Hawk helicopters carry battalions around and who are going to have to fight FARC, which is very strong in the growing areas. FARC, however, has artillery to take out helicopters. He said there is evidence the spraying is harming the people, animals and environment. But he said the U.S. government denies it. Studies are under way. A key part of the solution, he said, is to legalize drugs in America. Money saved should be spent on humanitarian efforts in effected countries like Colombia. It needs roads, a healthy economy and education. The government should negotiate with the guerrillas and "turn them into political parties," he said. "Even a tiny pilot project would make a difference. "Stop the military aid, other than humanitarian, and plow the money into drug treatment here in the United States. One dollar spent on drug treatment reduces the amount of coca just as effectively as $23 spent on spraying and interdiction."

  Tom Hart told the Commission there is no resolution on the long-term situation in Colombia and that the Commission's investigation and recommendation would be appropriate.

  Meeting adjourned: Chaplain Dales officiated at a closing Eucharist, and the meeting was adjourned by Chairman Shimpfky.

  Respectfully submitted by Secretary Jacqueline Scott jscott@jeffconews.com

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